Indirectness in Communication Definition and Examples

In disciplines that include conversation analysis, communication studies, and speech-act theory, indirectness is a  way of conveying a message through hints, insinuations, questions, gestures, or circumlocutions. Contrast with directness. As a conversational strategy, indirectness is used more frequently in some cultures (for example,  Indian and Chinese) than in others (North American and Northern European), and by most accounts, it tends to be used more extensively by women than by men. Examples and Observations Robin Tolmach LakoffThe intention to communicate indirectly is reflected in the form of an utterance. Indirectness may (depending on its form) express avoidance of a confrontational speech act (say, an imperative like Go home!) in favor of a less intrusive form like a question (Why dont you go home?); or avoidance of the semantic content of the utterance itself (Go home! being replaced by an imperative that makes its point more circumspectly, like Be sure and close the door behind you when you leave; or both (Why dont you take these flowers to your mother on your way home?). It is possible to be indirect in several ways and to various degrees. Language-Related Cultural Themes Muriel Saville-TroikeWhere directness or indirectness are cultural themes, they are always language-related. As defined in speech-act theory, direct acts are those where surface form matches interactional function, as Be quiet! used as a command, versus an indirect Its getting noisy in here or I cant hear myself think, but other units of communication must also be considered.Indirectness may be reflected in routines for offering and refusing or accepting gifts or food, for instance.. Visitors from the Middle East and Asia have reported going hungry in England and the United States because of a misunderstanding of this message; when offered food, many have politely refused rather than accept directly, and it was not offered again. Speakers and Listeners Jeffrey Sanchez-BurksBesides referring to how a speaker conveys a message, indirectness also affects how a listener interprets the messages of others. For example, a listener can infer a meaning that goes beyond what is explicitly stated, which can be independent of whether the speaker intends to be direct or indirect. The Importance of Context Adrian AkmaijanWe sometimes speak indirectly; that is, we sometimes intend to perform one communicative act by means of performing another communicative act. For example, it would be quite natural to say My car has a flat tire to a gas station attendant, with the intention that he repair the tire: in this case we are requesting the hearer to do something... How does a hearer know if a speaker is speaking indirectly as well as directly? [T]he answer is contextual appropriateness. In the above case, it would be contextually inappropriate to be only reporting a flat tire at a gas station. In contrast, if a police officer asks why a motorists car is illegally parked, a simple report of a flat tire would be a contextually appropriate response. In the latter circumstance, the hearer (the police officer) would certainly not take the speakers words as a request to fix the tire... A speaker can use the very same sentence to convey quite different messages depending on the context. This is the problem of indirection. The Importance of Culture Peter TrudgillIt is possible that indirectness is used more in societies which are, or which have been until recently, heavily hierarchical in structure. If you want to avoid giving offense to people in authority over you, or if you want to avoid intimidating people lower in the social hierarchy than yourself, then indirectness may be an important strategy. It is possible, too, that the more frequent use by women in western societies of indirectness in conversation is due to the fact that women have traditionally had less power in these societies. Gender Issues: Directness and Indirectness in the Workplace Jennifer J. PeckDirectness and indirectness are encoded by linguistic features and enact competitive and cooperative meanings respectively. Men tend to use more features associated with directness, which inhibits contributions from other speakers. Indirectness strategies encode collaboration and their use encourages others voices into the discourse. Some linguistic forms that encode inclusiveness and collaboration are inclusive pronouns (we, us, lets, shall we), modal verbs (could, might, may), and modalizers (perhaps, maybe). Directness involves egocentric pronouns (I, me), and absence of modalizers. Indirectness strategies are common in all-female talk when the talk encodes meanings of collaboration and cooperation. These features, however, are routinely denigrated in many workplace and business settings. For instance, a female manager in banking who modalizes and uses inclusiveness strategies, beginning a proposal with I think maybe we should consider... is challenged by a man say ing Do you know or dont you? Another woman commences her recommendation in an academic meeting with Perhaps it would be a good idea if we thought about doing... and is interrupted by a man who says Can you get to the point? Is it possible for you to do that? (Peck, 2005b)... Women appear to internalize male constructions of their performances and describe their communication strategies in business settings as unclear, and vague and say that they dont get to the point (Peck 2005b). Benefits of Indirectness Deborah Tannen[George P.] Lakoff identifies two benefits of indirectness: defensiveness and rapport. Defensiveness refers to a speakers preference not to go on record with an idea in order to be able to disclaim, rescind, or modify it if it does not meet with a positive response. The rapport benefit of indirectness results from the pleasant experience of getting ones way not because one demanded it (power) but because the other person wanted the same thing (solidarity). Many researchers have focused on the defensive or power benefit of indirectness and ignored the payoff in rapport or solidarity.The payoffs of indirectness in rapport and self-defense correspond to the two basic dynamics that motivate communication: the coexisting and conflicting human needs for involvement and independence. Since any show of involvement is a threat to independence, and any show of independence is a threat to involvement, indirectness is the life raft of communication, a way to float on top of a situa tion instead of plunging in with nose pinched and coming up blinking.Through indirectness, we give others an idea of what we have in mind, testing the interactional waters before committing too much—a natural way of balancing our needs with the needs of others. Rather than blurt out ideas and let them fall where they may, we send out feelers, get a sense of others ideas and their potential reaction to ours, and shape our thoughts as we go. Multiple Subtopics and Fields of Study Michael LempertIndirectness borders on and bleeds into many topics, including euphemism, circumlocution, metaphor, irony, repression, parapraxis. What is more, the topic.. has received attention in diverse fields, from linguistics to anthropology to rhetoric to communication studies... [M]uch of the literature on indirectness has remained in close orbit around speech-act theory, which has privileged reference and predication and has led to a narrow focus on pragmatic ambiguity (indirect performativity) in sentence-sized units.

An Artist s Metamorphosis Art - 886 Words

An Artist’s Metamorphosis Art has always been a part of my life for as long I can remember. Art class was what I anxiously looked forward to in grade school. I recall the sadness that I would experience when my teacher did not pick my coloring sheet to be put on the wall of my second grade classroom, but I also remember the immense pride I experienced when I discovered that my seahorse sculpture had been picked to be put in the Zane Grey museum in the third grade. I participated in Chalk On the Walk every year. I loved it so much that I even had a chalkboard wall painted in my bedroom. My dad would even lift me up onto his large shoulders so that I could draw on the parts of the wall that my little arms could not yet reach. I remember drawing a series of pictures, marching down the street with childish conviction, and selling my drawings to anyone who would buy them for a quarter a piece. When I look back, I realize those drawings certainly were not as amazing as I believed. The people who had bought those aw ful drawings were just trying to be nice to a cute little child. Nevertheless, it started a confidence and dedication that eventually led to who I am today. When children are asked what they want to be when they grow up, it is not uncommon to hear that they want to be an artist, a singer, or even an astronaut. Once children grow older, most of them tend to sway from their original choice, whether it be from growing up or finding incompatibilities with their interests.Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Landscape With The Fall Of Icarus1688 Words   |  7 Pagesrespond to these works, which provide an insight into life during certain periods of time. For instance, Ovid’s narrative poem, ‘Metamorphosis’ 8 CE, depicts the dangers for a man to deviate from the natural order. Whereas, Pieter Bruegel’s converted art piece, ‘Landscape with the Fall of Icarus’ c. 1560, emphasises the sustenance of work. W.H. 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What accelerates and counteracts global warming Free Essays

Global warming is the worst challenge facing the world in the 21st century. Since the second half of the 20th century, there has been sudden increase in global temperature leading to global warming effect. Increased human activities and natural activities have contributed to increase global warming. We will write a custom essay sample on What accelerates and counteracts global warming? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Global warming has had various negative effects in the world including melting of polar ice and rise in sea levels, changes in weather pattern with prolonged drought and torrents of rain, disappearance of species, and many others. One of the main factors that have contributed to global warming is release of green house gases to the atmosphere. Release of gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrite oxide, and others has contributed to green house effect leading to global warming. Although green house gases has been cited as the main source of global warming, there are other minor sources which over the time has led to   substantial increase in global temperature. However, there are alternative factors counteracting global warming effects which include aerosols and soot, solar variation, and many others. Alternative causes of global warming The most common indicator used to indicate global warming is the change in average global temperature at the near earth’s surface.   Between 1860 and 1900 it is recorded that the earth surface temperature increased by  Ã‚   0.75oC which is approximately 1.35oF. Since 1979, the global temperature at the lower trosphere has recorded an increase of more than 0.22oC. Before 1850, it is believed that temperature was relatively stable for more than two thousands years and therefore it is the increase in human activities especially industrialization that has led to increase in global temperature. According to recent records, 2005 was recorded as the warmest year ever since the scientific world started keeping reliable records. The main factor contributing to increased global temperature has been release of green house gases to the atmosphere (Pierce and Adams, 2009). It is believed that gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrite oxide, nitrogen dioxide and others leads to green house effects which increases global temperature. While green house gases contribute to global warming effects, it is believed that there are factors which had previously been thought to cause global warming but counteract global warming effects. Although their contribution may be minimal and difficult to notice, these factors can led to substantial cooling of the earth over a long period of time. Let us look at some of these factors including aerosols and soot which counteract global warming and solar variation which may accelerates global warming Aerosols and soot Aerosols and soot contribute to global cooling through global dimming. This is an effect in which there is gradual reduction in the range of direct irradiance to the earth that greatly counteracts global warming effect. This phenomenon, which has been studied since 1960 evidence that global dimming, can contribute to cooling of the earth over a long period of time.   Global dimming is mainly caused by aerosols which are produced through volcanic activities and other emissions like sulfur dioxide (Pierce and Adams, 2009). Aerosols produce a cooling effect through increase of reflection of some of the incoming sunlight.   Ã‚  Through scattering and absorbing of the solar radiation, aerosols have also been shown to have indirect effects on the net radiation budget. For example sulfate aerosols have been found to form cloud condensation nuclei which lead to clouds having smaller could droplets.   The formed clouds have been shown to reflect solar radiation when compared to clouds with fewer and large droplets. Soot can lead to cool or warm effect on the globe depending on its state whether airborne or deposition. Soot aerosols in the atmosphere absorb solar radiation thereby cooling the earth since solar radiation heats the atmosphere. However, soot deposited at the glaciers has been shown to heat the earth surfaces.   Aerosols have more pronounced effects in the tropical and sub-tropical regions especially in Asia. How to cite What accelerates and counteracts global warming?, Papers

Income Inequality and Social Epidemiology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Income Inequality and Social Epidemiology. Answer: Introduction: The social model of health highlights the limitations of biomedical model as the social model emphasizes on the health determinants and health interventions in the society. It demonstrates ill health as a process of interaction between the individuals and the environment. The biomedical model plays a significant role in understanding the causes of the disease and appropriate treatments related to it but it has been criticized due to social and behavioral factors like sociology and psychology and also medicine. The social model demonstrates the health and illness by focusing on scientific or medical reasons as well as other factors that may lead to a deprived state of health such as poverty, low socio economic management, lack of housing and nutrition, stress related to employment and pollution in the environment (Riekert, Ockene Pbert,2013).These factors affect the physical as well as the psychological health of individuals because health largely depends on the society and the cultu re the individuals are living in. The main limitation that is experienced by the biomedical model is that it neglects the social and psychological factors by underestimating the complex nature of health and disease. In this model, the overall health aspects are linked to changes in the society and the environment and not the medical changes. The social model explains that a proper balance between the individual and the social interventions is mandatory. It assumes that good health is the main responsibility for the individuals living in the society. It can be done by properly examining the social determinants of the health such as status and the behavior related to the health of individuals. The social model of health focuses on the discrimination that is faced by the individuals on the basis of caste, creed, religion, ethnicity, socioeconomic status etc. It provides equal importance in preventing the health issue by providing proper treatment and reduces the discrimination between the individuals (Germov, 2009). It works by promoting the participation of communities and incorporating several interventions in the state such as social services and public policies including control in the pollution levels and safety at the workplace. There are three major aspects of the social model of health. These include social production and the distribution of the illness and the health, Social construction of illness and health, Social organization of health care (Germov, 2009).The biomedical model focuses in the treatment of the disease and the ability of taking risks in the individuals. There are several disadvantages of the biomedical model such as the patients who suffer from any health disease are known by their diagnosis and not by their individuality. They are not provided quality care and more importance is given on the use of modern and scientific technology (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry,2015). Health care services delivered by the privatized health care systems are more efficient and sustainable as compared to public health sector organizations especially in developing and poor countries. Private health care in Australia is funded by health insurance funds. Medibank is the largest provider of health fund with a 30% share in the market ( Eldredge et al., 2016). There are a large number of individuals who prefer to take the assistance of health care professionals in private hospitals. This is because private hospitals provide proper assistance and are responsive towards patients as they are well equipped in providing personalized attention to their patients. The nurses, doctors, clinicians and other health care professionals have a few patients and hence can provide individual attention to them (Barbour,1995). They have proper amenities and involve the usage of modern and scientific technology to deliver the health care services. Hence, the services are quite expensive and c annot be afforded by all the patients. The waiting time of the patient is short in private health care systems as compared to public health care systems. Private hospitals provide individual attention and personalized care to their patients related to the health disease and treatment. The nursing staff and other health care professionals provide self help and rehabilitation care to the patients after the treatment if required. Public health care is provided by the government through national health care systems. The health care funding in Australia is through Medicare which provides funding to a major part of the cost of health care services. The amount that is paid by the Medicare includes the health cost of the specialist and the general practitioner. A large number of people do not prefer visiting public hospitals for health care services especially in the poor and the developing countries. This is because public hospitals lack in providing proper hospitality and person centered care to all their patients. The patients do not get enough time to discuss their concerns with the doctor as there are a large number of patients. The waiting time of the patients is also large in a public health care system (Leeder, 2003). The number of nursing staff and the doctors is large in public hospitals but they do not provide personalized care to their patients. Public health care systems lack equipments based on moder n technology as they are expensive and hence are unable to provide proper health care services to patients. There are several initiatives and measures that are being taken in order to improve the quality of health care services in the public hospitals. These include providing proper attention to patients suffering from complicated health issues, responding to their phone calls and reducing the cost of the treatment. It is important to provide person-centered-care and take appropriate measures in order to provide quality health care services to the patients. The patients should be provided proper counseling after the treatment and should be explained about the preventive measures to be taken to enhance their experience as a patient. Proper measures for the safety and the prevention of infection in patients should be taken by the nurses and other health care professionals. They should wash their hands with soap solution or any other alcohol based hand wash during examining the patient. The instruments used should be disinfected and sterilized before using and the waste products should be dis posed of safely to avoid any harmful infections especially in public hospitals in developed countries. Economic equality refers to gap between the individuals who have a high income and a low income. It acts as threat to good health in several ways. Income produced by an individual plays a crucial role in meeting his or her basic needs and also impacts health such as provision of proper medical facilities, nutritional diet and adequate housing facilities. A high income increases the chances of good health in human beings and a low income leads to several health issues in individuals. This is because they mainly reside in poverty stricken areas which are more prone to risks related to health issues(Kawachi Subramanian,2014). People who earn a low wage struggle everyday to meet their needs as well as their family members. They have to choose between different activities such as buy food items, health care services or housing facilities. They do not receive any support from anyone and hence suffer from several mental and physical health issues such as low self esteem, depressive symptoms, anxiety, fear and sadness. It has been observed that people who have a low income are discriminated on the basis of low socio economic status in the society. They are excluded from economic management, social and political life. Individuals who earn a high income can lead to improved health condition and well being. People who live in poverty conditions experience violence, crime, environmental pollution and unhygienic environment. They have less access to education, employment, recreational facilities which lead to a negative impact on the individuals as well as the entire community (Reuss,2001). Individuals who live in the lowest poverty conditions are expected to live longer as compared to those who live in highest poverty conditions. Economic equality plays a significant role in affecting the health condition of individuals. The distribution of income within the individuals or the population also affects the health status along with the income and poverty levels among individuals. The country spends around 2 times in providing health care services per individual as compared to other countries; it ranks 49 in terms of life expectancy (Pickett Wilkinson, 2015). Countries which have a higher rank on the basis of life expectancy have several policies in order to support families and protect their workers. They can provide a safe environment by providing several health care facilities to individuals. These policies address the inequality of income/wealth by lowering down the gap between the two in order to provide appropriate resources to everyone to survive (Eldredge et al., 2016). It can also be done by reducing the connection between health and wealth and promoting the availability of resources for each and every individual, by not being dependent on income or the assets of individuals. Gender inequality results in the discrimination between men and women. It leads to a negative health issues among females and women on a global scale. It provides men with authority and control over the lives of women and results in emotional and mental health issues such as depressive symptoms, anxiety and sadness in women. The health care professionals should be educated about gender inequality because discrimination on the basis of gender is a major social and health issue ( Garca-Moreno et al., 2015).Nurses can play a crucial role in addressing the rights of women and they can help in reducing health inequalities among men and women. It is important to provide information and knowledge to the nursing staff and other health care professionals about gender inequality. This will play a crucial role in the identification of women who had been the victims of physical and sexual violence (Bowler, 1993). The nurses and the doctors can make a significant contribution in helping women and protect them from the destructive behavior against them. These are the analysis of personal attitude towards the issue, empowering women by the use of nursing practice and the formation of specific interventions. The nursing staff and the health care professionals should provide proper health care services to both men and women and discriminate them on the basis of gender, caste, religion and socio economic status. Since, majority of the nursing staff are women; they will not question women candidates that would support her being a victim of abuse (Miers, 2002). Nurses will remain sensitive towards women who have been abused. Nursing staff can help in empowering the women who have been assaulted physically and psychologically. They will examine her physically and make her comfortable while listening to her ordeal. The nurses, doctors and other health care professionals should make them comfortable and provide proper counseling sessions. Victims of sexual or physical assault should be treated using proper communication skills so that they feel comfortable in sharing their problems and issues (Pickett Wilkinson, 2015). Women have always been treated as a burden in the society since ages due to lack of education and wealth. They are treated as an object in their homes by men specially husbands and are not allowed to work according to their wish (Riekert, Ockene Pbert, 2013).They are not given a well- balanced diet.Nurses should provide information about the practice of having safe sex and encourage them the use of condoms to prevent the infection from sexually transmitted disease and unwanted pregnancy in females (Chrisler, Barney Palatino, 2016).Nurses can also provide emotional and physical support to women. They should be provided appropriate health care services by the nurses and other health care staffs.Hence, it is very important to educate health care professionals about the gender inequality in order to prevent discrimination among men and women in the society (Sampselle, 1991). References Barbour,A(1995) Introduction. In Caring for Patients: A critique of the medical model.Stanford,Stanford University Press. Bowler,I (1993) They are not the same as us: Midwives stereotypes of South Asian decent maternity patients. Sociology of Health and Illness,v15(2): 157-177. Chrisler, J. C., Barney, A., Palatino, B. (2016). Ageism can be hazardous to women's health: Ageism, sexism, and stereotypes of older women in the healthcare system.Journal of Social Issues,72(1), 86-104. Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Kok, G., Parcel, G. S. (2016).Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons. Garca-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d'Oliveira, A. F. L., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M., Feder, G. (2015). The health-systems response to violence against women.The Lancet,385(9977), 1567-1579. Germov, J.(2009) Imagining health problems as social issues. In Second Opinion: An introduction to health sociology.4th edition. Melbourne, Oxford University Press. Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V. (2014). Income inequality.Social epidemiology,126. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 181-192. Leeder, S.( 2003) Achieving Equity in the Australian Healthcare System, Medical Journal of Australia,v179:475-478. Miers,M (2002) Developing an Understanding of Gender Sensitive Care: Exploring concepts and knowledge. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40(1):69-77. Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. G. (2015). Income inequality and health: a causal review.Social Science Medicine,128, 316-326. Reuss,A( 2001) Cause of Death : Inequality .Dollars Sense ,v235:10-12 Riekert, K. A., Ockene, J. K., Pbert, L. (Eds.). (2013).The handbook of health behavior change. Springer Publishing Company. Sampselle, C ( 1991) The Role of Nursing in Preventing Violence Against Women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, v20(6): 481-487.

the Necklace By guy de maupassant Essays - Emotions, The Necklace

Jealousy and envy are among the greatest of sins and have been the down fall of many. Maupassant's "The Necklace" is the story of a woman who is overcome with jealousy and envy. Mathilde Loisel feels she has been cheated by life from all of the wonderful things it has to offer. The reader learns how these qualities in Mme. Loisel come back to haunt her for many years as the story unfolds with an ironic ending. Mathilde Loisel, as the main character of the story, is truly believable. She is described as "one of those pretty and charming girls who are sometimes, born into a family of clerks"(900). The author describes how she suffers from her lifestyle of being middle-class. There is a stereotypical "rich man, poor man" quality as Mme. Loisel longs for the material things that her old schoolmate Mme. Forester has. The physical appearance of the characters as well as their actions, thought, and emotions are very detailed throughout the story. The main character's life, as well as her husband's, takes a dramatic turn and the author describes the physical and emotional changes in great detail. The story's title does not signify the theme however, the theme of the story is reiterated throughout the story. "She had no dresses, no jewels, nothing. And she loved nothing but that; she felt made for that. She would so have liked to please, to be envied, to be charming, to be sought after"(900). Mme. Loisel was envious of her friend and anyone else who had more than what she had. She felt that she deserved these things.

10 Leadership Assignments

10 Leadership Assignments There are numerous  components to leadership, and many of them are written about frequently. In fact, I wrote a blog five years ago, Would You Follow You? Top 10 Ways to Be a Leader, where I listed my top 10 picks of leadership qualities. A lot of these traits would still be on my list. What’s missing  from the  list, however, is practical advice on  how to  improve in those highlighted  leadership  areas. For instance, if you are not delivering clear, consistent communication, what can you do to start doing so? If you are not leading with vision, what will get you there? It’s easy to read lists and say â€Å"that’s great†- but how will you change your behavior to increase your effectiveness? The Assignment Way of Living At the Wright Foundation for Human Potential, where I do the bulk of my leadership training, I have discovered what’s called the â€Å"assignment way of living.† At any given time, I am working on anywhere from two to four assignments. Of course, having assignments is not useful unless you DO them, and I’m usually a pretty responsible student, so I do them as much as possible. Being a great leader, and living into all the qualities that make a leader, takes doing your homework. The cool thing about this is that homework can be fun and even nourishing! In the group I’m currently working with at Wright, each of us has a leadership assignment to further our growth. I thought I would share these with you so that you can get a sense of how the â€Å"assignment way of living† can further your own growth as a leader. Alpha. This one sounds best for people whose names begin with the letter â€Å"A† (e.g., Alpha Annie). But it works regardless of the first letter of your name! The Alpha assignment will be good for you if you are someone, perhaps a project manager, who wants to be an outstanding planner- and be so good at planning that others follow your example. It includes planning for breakdowns and having contingency plans in place. Gone Viral. This assignment will help you if you want to generate more enthusiasm and increase your ability to energize a group, mobilizing them toward goals and a mission. You will start giving more recognition to others, thus garnering their support and investment. Both Sides of the Telescope. This assignment requires looking at yourself inquisitively and as accurately as possible, at the same time as you look at others. This action creates mutuality and also a clear picture of your own skill gaps and the skill gaps of others so that steps can be taken to fill them. Then of course, you take those steps. Happy Customers. This one is pretty straightforward. Its purpose is to help you anticipate, elicit, and respond effectively to objections! When you do this, you become more capable of keeping customers happy when inevitable objections arise. In-the-Moment Visions. This is my assignment and it’s meant for someone whose job it is to set agendas and guide people. One trick here is to have a clear vision for myself that I share with my team. I had known it was important to set visions for projects and to create visions for other people. But I’m discovering that when I share my own vision for myself with others, they often want to support me in making that vision a reality. O.V. (Points of View) on the Scene. This assignment is helpful for increasing your influence. By presenting your own point of view, your can persuade others to shift their thinking and action- even in difficult and pressure-filled situations. Good Done. Complete daily tasks and deliverables on time and on budget. The vision here is to meet goals and deadlines consistently, and anticipate when a goal will not be met so you can apply alternative plans to meet the goal. Scan Report (In Out). In this assignment you work on scanning for problems as well as synergies to determine what is wanted and needed. Done well, this assignment will make you the person the team turns to as an antenna to get a read on the pulse of the team. Busy Honey Bee. The honey bee assignment encourages you to be thorough and do your due diligence. You will be on top of details and set standards for others to follow. Losada Colada. I had this assignment last year. Someone with this assignment becomes more inspiring by saying at least 3 positive things for each negative thing she says. People start to like her more and want to please her more. This is by no means a complete list of leadership assignments. The possibilities are truly endless and I encourage you to have fun with creating assignments and assignment names that will move you toward your leadership goals. - An Invitation If you want to get a more comprehensive introduction to the â€Å"assignment way of living,† I encourage you to attend the Foundations Training at the Wright Foundation for the Realization of Human Potential in Chicago. Contact me through the form on my site and I will provide you with a code to come to the weekend at no cost.

Disintermediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Disintermediation - Essay Example This direct interaction between the buyers and sellers was perceived to be free from any intermediation of third party firms i.e. middlemen as technology greatly reduced the cost of searching the information regarding the buyers and sellers lessening the dependence on the middlemen. This virtual absence of middlemen kick started the process of disintermediation and it was largely believed that with advances in e-Commerce, disintermediation will increase and will result into the reduction of cost of searching the information. However, the same seem not to be happening as despite improvements in the technology and whole e-Commerce process, disintermediation did not took place as expected. This work will look into exploring the reasons behind this perceived disintermediation and e-Commerce and why it did not took place despite the bright future of doing business electronically was promised by the e-Commerce. However before discussing the core issue it will be very important that some of the latest business models and real example be explored in order to broaden the scope of our study and better understand the linkages between e-Commerce and disintermediation and future survival of disintermediation. Through traffic driving, traditional retail stores are diverting their internet website visitors to their physical stores therefore the traditional retailers as a point of defense has already started to explore a relatively new and unique model of brick and click or bricks and mortars. Bricks and Clicks are traditionally described as a sales model that utilizes both the traditional stores and internet to generate the sales. (This business model, also known as clicks and mortar or clicks and bricks, began to be used in the 1990s. The rise of the Internet opened up opportunities for online trading. Initially this was utilized by companies whose primary business was Internet-based - the so-called clicks companies. Established trading companies followed when it

Occupational health and safety ergonomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Occupational health and safety ergonomics - Essay Example e practices later on, the history of safe working can be traced back to the ancient times when the need was felt for creating the tools in a manner that provided ease of use and comfort while operating them. In one of the ancient records, Bernardino Ramazinni, who was associated with the field of medicine, brought up working class and the problems faced by them in their surroundings (McCauley & Bush, 2011). At that time, however, the word â€Å"ergonomics† was not introduced. The official usage of this word can be stretched back to mid 19th century; it was a contribution by Wojciech Jastrzebowski and Frederick Taylor, who not only introduced it but also implemented its principles (Schlick, 2009). In modern times, the routes of ergonomics can be traced back to the mid 20th century when K.F Murrell introduced this word for the first time. Each of the two world wars the 20th century saw can be linked to the use of ergonomics in the field of machinery and war crafts. After the Second World War, the pace of improvement and nourishment in the incumbent field took pace, and new techniques were introduced for comforting the fields in any way possible. Since then, the discipline of ergonomics has never looked back; in modern times, all major organizations ensure that their employees work under the umbrella of ergonomics. The implementation of ergonomics has yielded many dividends. Its application is not limited to one particular field; rather, ergonomics is implemented in nearly every organization and every industry. It enables improving the working methods and further enables satisfaction of the employees, which is directly related to the customer response and company productivity. OSHA is an acronym for Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and it is a federal agency which is specialized in dealing with safe practices in regard to physical health and the dangers threatening it. It provides a set of guidelines, necessary dos and don’ts of practices in the

Attribution Theory and Its Relevance to Management Practice Essay

Attribution Theory and Its Relevance to Management Practice - Essay Example For the growing importance of human resource and it aspects, the study will discuss upon the attribution theory and its relevance to management practice. This is significant as it explains the way people are being judged depending upon the attributes that are assigned to their behaviors. Attribution Theory An attribution is an informal explanation for behavior or for any event. The attribution theory illustrates that the outcomes and behaviors eventually assist to form behavioral and emotional responses (Borkowski, N. â€Å"Organizational Behavior, Theory, and Design in Health Care†). The attributions that are casual in nature exert more stress on people’s perception for their successes and failures. Attribution theory establishes that every causal attribution have three dimensions namely stable or unstable, internal or external and controllable or uncontrollable. Individuals who perceive that they are successful due to the three dimensions that are stable, internal and controllable factors, have a propensity to be extremely motivated and consequently persist to be further victorious than those individuals with the alternative attribution styles. The attribution theory is a common cognitive theory of motivation that focuses upon the principles that present the casual attributes based upon present and future motivation and achievements (Penn State College of Engineering, â€Å"Overview: Attribution Theory†). The attribution theory also determines the level or finds out the causes for the dissatisfaction. The theory of attribution for the behavior of dissatisfaction was developed by the social psychologist that explains how an individual uncovers the clarification or reasons for their behavior or effects (Hoyer, W D., â€Å"Consumer Behavior†). For the explanation of the behavior and actions there are three factors that influence the nature of explanation. These three factors are stability, focus and controllability. Stability is the r eason for the temporary or permanent event. Focus is the problem that is related to the market or consumers. Furthermore, controllability is the event that is under the control of the marketers or customers. In general the customers are dissatisfied when the control is not under the customer, and when it is not customer related rather market related and perceived to be permanent in nature. With the assistance from the attribution theory, the marketers can be guided to deal with the potential and existing perception of customer dissatisfaction. Literature Review on Attribution Theory Heider was the first to recommend a psychological theory of attribution, but Weiner and his colleagues framed a theoretical structure that had turned out to be a major research model of social psychology. The attribution theory was developed from the theories of Fritz Heider, Keith Davis, Edward Jones and Harold Kelley. Fritz Heider was the first person to write about attribution theory in his book †˜The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships’ in the year 1958. His writings have played a vital role in the commencing and explanation of attribution theory (Heider, â€Å"Psychology of Interpersonal Relations†). Harold Kelley theory has focused upon the model of satisfaction. He has described in his thesis about the satisfaction and dissatisfaction causes of the human beings.

Vibrational frequencies of water molecule

Vibrational frequencies of water molecule Question 1 Normal modes and vibrational frequencies of water molecule HF/3-21* optimised geometry of the water molecule H bond length 0.967 HOH bond angle 107.7 (ii) Energy of the HF/3-21G optimised water molecule = -75.58596 au Cycle Energy Max. Grad. Max. Dist. 1 75.58553 0.01246 0.00304 2 75.58589 0.00324 0.00025 3 75.58596 0.00001 0.00000 Frequency (cm-1) Relative Motion Stretch or Bend Type Symmetry (S or A) 1799.2 Bend A1 S 3812.2 Stretch A1 S 3945.8 r Stretch B1 A HOD Energy 75.58596 au Geometry Bond angle 107.7 Bond length 0.967 Vibrational frequencies 1578.7 H moves faster than D symmetric 2815.3 D moves quickly whereas H moves slightly asymmetric 3881.7 H moves quickly whereas D moves slightly asymmetric Normal modes and vibrational frequencies of the water dimmer (H2O)2 Hydrogen-Bond Acceptor Hydrogen bond Hydrogen Bond Donor Hydrogen bond length (HO) = 1.808 Hydrogen bond angle (O-HO) = 174.9 Energy of the F/3.12G optimised water dimer = -151.18902 au (a) Potential energy calculation: ΔE = E(dimer) 2xE(H2O) = (-396 871.2KJ/mol) 2x(-198 413.2KJ/mol) = (-396 871.2) (-396 826.3) = 44.9 KJmol-1 (b)As seen from the surface diagram for H2O, the oxygen has negative charge (ÃŽ ´-) whereas the hydrogens are positively charged (ÃŽ ´+). In the water dimer molecule, the hydrogen atoms (on the H-bond donor oxygen) are ÃŽ ´+/blue region. The oxygen atom that is bonded to the hydrogen that is the H-bond acceptor has ÃŽ ´- charge/red region. Between in the H-bond, the positive(H) and negative(O) charges combine/green region. The hydrogen bond is formed between one of the H atoms and one O, instead between the two oxygens, because the two oxygen atoms are negatively charged, and have ÃŽ ´-, and therefore repulsive interactions are formed between them. So, one H reacts with the O, which donates one of its lone pairs to form the H-bond. In the structure of the molecule, the HO bond is almost linear, very close to 180 but it is distorted so it is about 175. Also, the distortion causes the bond HO to become longer. (c) For the water molecule: H bond length = 0.967 For the water dimer: H bond length of H-bond donor = 0.965 H bond length of H-bond acceptor = 0.966, 0.974 (H of H-bond) The H bond length of the hydrogen of the H-bond is bigger than the other O-H bonds in the molecule. This is because this H is bonded to the oxygen through the H-bond, and it is pulled towards the oxygen, causing its bond with the other oxygen to become a bit longer. Question 2 The water dimer consists of two fragments, the H-bond acceptor (top OH2 group) and the H-bond donor (bottom OH2 group). When a vibration causes both fragments and H-bond to move, then it is considered to be the inter-monomer because it is a vibration between the two molecules. If only one of the fragments vibrates, then the vibration is only in one of the molecules (it is internal) and it is considered to be an intra-monomer. The vibrational frequencies of the water dimer are the following: Frequency = 81 cm-1 Type = A Bending Mode Top part of the molecule moving slightly up and down, while the two bottom hydrogens move up and down as well Inter-monomer: The vibration affects both molecules connected through the hydrogen bond. Frequency = 133 Type = A Bending mode Top part and bottom part moving right and left. Inter monomer Frequency = 172 Type = A Bending mode Middle hydrogen moving right and left and two bottom H atoms moving up and down symmetrically (when one is up, other is down) Inter Monomer Frequency = 242 Type = A Stretching Mode Inter monomer Frequency = 425 Type = A Bending Mode The H-bond acceptor fragment moves to the front and then back, and the H-bond donor fragment moves up and down as well. Inter-monomer Frequency = 826 Type = A Bending mode The H of the H-bond (middle H) is moving to the right and left, causing the rest of the molecule to move in that way as well Inter-monomer Frequency = 1782 Type = A Bending Mode The hydrogen atoms on the H-bond donor fragment move up and down to the sides going further away and then coming closer. Intra-monomer Frequency = 1854 Type = A Bending Mode The hydrogen atoms on the H-bond acceptor fragment separate and go further away and then come closer together again. Intra-monomer Frequency = 3724 Type = A Stretching mode The hydrogen forming the H-bond moves closer to the oxygen of the H-bond and then further from it, causing the O-H bond to come smaller and the HO bond to become bigger, and the opposite. Intra-monomer Frequency = 3849 Type = A Stretching mode The hydrogen atoms move symmetrically so that their bonds with the O of the H-bond donor are becoming bigger (stretch out) and then smaller. Intra-monomer Frequency = 3907 Type = A Stretching mode The O-H bond of the H not involved in the H-bond acceptor fragment is stretching out, causing the bond to become longer, while the bond of the oxygen with the other H, which is involved in the H-bond, becomes shorter. Intra-monomer Frequency = 3982 Type = A Stretching mode It is an unsymmetrical movement, where one O-H bond in the H-bond donor fragment becomes shorter and the other longer. Intra-monomer Question 3 Isotopic substitution in the water dimer Free Energy (H-TS) = 37.8 ΔÎâ€" Total = 127.5 Free Energy (H-TS) = 39.7 ΔÎâ€" Total = 126.5 ΔG = G(B) G(A) = 39.7KJmol-1 37.8KJmol-1 = 1.9 KJ/mol K = e(-ΔG/RT) = exp(-1.910-3Jmol-1/8.314JK-1mol-1x298K) = 1.00000077 Deuterium prefers the position shown in B (connected to the oxygen of the H-bond acceptor fragment, but doesnt take part directly in the H-bond) because the molecule has higher free energy for this arrangement. Question 4 Interconversion of water dimer structures Frequency = i302 Type = B1 Frequency = 105 Type = B2 Frequency = 208 Type = A1 Frequency = 225 Type = B1 Frequency = 256 Type = A2 Frequency = 591 Type = B2 Frequency = 1785 Type = A1 Frequency = 1831 Type = A1 Frequency = 3829 Type = A1 Frequency = 3862 Type = A1 Frequency = 3952 Type = B1 Frequency = 3961 Type = B2 Acyclic water dimer Cyclic water dimer The acyclic water molecule energy is 3.96910-5 KJmol-1 whereas the energy of the cyclic one is -. The cyclic molecule is less stable than the acyclic one because its ability to move around is effectively reduced compared to the acyclic one, due to the two bonds formed between the oxygen of one molecule and the two H of the other molecule. The imaginary frequency has the value of i306.9. One of the middle hydrogens moves up while the other moves down, in an unsymmetrical movement as shown in the pictures above. For the acyclic water dimer there are no imaginary frequencies and it corresponds to the valley. This shows that it is very stable and this structure is preferred. The cyclic molecule contains one vibrational frequency and this suggests that it is not as stable as the acyclic one. It corresponds to the hilltop of molecule-mountain. If a molecule has more than one vibrational frequency it corresponds to the mountain passes and it is a very unstable and unfavoured structure for the molecule to be at, which most probably does not exist. The cyclic structure is not very stable, and therefore it is not preferred over the acyclic one. Question 5 Syn-butane: No imaginary frequencies à   Valley à   stable structure, highly favoured Boat cyclohexane: ne imaginary frequency à   Hilltop à   fairly unstable, exists but not preferred All-syn cyclohexane: More than one imaginary frequencies à   Mountain Pass à   does not exist, very unstable

Brookshire Grocery Company :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brookshire Grocery Company, known for its commitment to excellent customer service, was established in 1938. The company began with one store in downtown Tyler, Texas under the name Brookshire Brothers. Soon after, the company changed its name to Brookshire Grocery Company and expanded to four stores in Tyler and Longview, Texas, which included the first air-conditioned store in East Texas (brookshires.com). Over the years, the Brookshire Grocery Company chain has grown to more than 150 stores throughout Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and, most recently, Mississippi.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The firm began to open â€Å"warehouse-style stores under the trade name Super 1 Foods and 1 ’superstore’ under the trade name Brookshire’s Supercenter† in the 1980’s offering people other ways to save money (tsha.utexas.edu). Brookshire Grocery Company is also currently operating grocery store in Plano, Texas under the name Ole Foods to try to appeal to the Hispanic population in the community. The company’s manufacturing facilities include a bakery plant, dairy plant, ice cream plant, ice plant and water plant near Tyler, Texas (Brookshire Briefs).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brookshire’s offers a variety of specialty departments in many of its stores. Among these are bakeries, pharmacies delicatessens, floral departments, in-store film processing departments, and video rentals (tsha.utexas.edu). â€Å"In 1977, Brookshire’s established the World of Wildlife and Country Store Museum in the corporate complex† featuring activities for children (tsha.utexas.edu).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due to recent acquisitions, employment in the company has exceeded 12,000 employees (Brookshire Briefs). Brookshire’s has placed a heavy emphasis on replacing, expanding, and modernizing stores where needed in order to meet customer demands and better serve them. The firm has recently â€Å"purchased and opened 17 former Winn-Dixie stores in North-central, Texas and four former Albertsons stores in the Jackson, Mississippi area† (Tribune Business News).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brookshire Grocery Company also introduced a low-carbohydrate, low-sugar frozen dessert called LeCarb in 2001 proving the firm to contribute to creativity and innovation as well as providing options to health-conscious consumers. By May of 2002, the product was distributed nationwide as the first product available of its kind (Tribune Business News).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The grocery market is highly competitive. Brookshire’s has found that superior customer service is the key to success. Consumers who are familiar with the Brookshire’s personnel know that they will be greeted with a friendly smile and helpful attitude. Employee meetings and up-beat newsletters from the corporate office are excellent ways of reminding the employees of the significance of making customer satisfaction the most important part of their jobs.

I Was Helping My Mother When Suddenly… Essay

I was helping my mother in the kitchen when suddenly an ear-piercing sound struck from above.I dashed to the upper floor to check out what was happened. ‘Oh god.What is this?’I wondered while pointing at a footprint. I knew something weird was happened.The footprint was familiar.I ignored it.Instead,to make my mother calm,I said that was nothing occurred as she is suffering from cardio-illness,a common disease suffered by the Malaysian. ‘What’s happening?’ my mother asked me.’Nothing,just the sound of lightning.We better close the windows.Maybe rain will pour down,’ I showed a relaxing expression as there was nothing happened,relax.. not at all.I thought back about the footprint.That footprint was so familiar,but I seem could not remember where I found that. ‘David,can you help me to take the cooking pot in the attic?’my mother requested.’Oh,please!I am afraid of the dark.’I said. My mother then mumbled and said that I was like my late father,an achluophobia man.Oh,you want to know what was happened to my father?Actually,he was an engineer,to be specific,engineer in oil derrick.Last month,he went to the oil platform in the middle of the sea at Jertih,Terengganu. He said he went there for only 4 days,but he still not went back after 2 weeks.My mother called the management office in Jertih.They said that he was gone while in his way to the seashore. ‘I missed your father,David’my mother said to me. Back to the main point.I investigated the footprint in my room.And I looked up,the window was opened.I walked towards it,scouted outside.There was nothing there.I closed the window and laid down onto my bed. ‘Ouch!What is this?’I asked myself. There was a small box on my bed.I wondered what was inside it.I opened the brown box.There was a necklace,made up of pure gold.Why there was a gold necklace in my room? Suddenly,my room became dark. ‘No!Not this time!Argghh!’I expressed my dissatisfaction. I ran to my mother’s room.My terrible fear towards the darkness was to the limit,especially when it happened all of a sudden.I hid under my mother’s blanket. ‘David!Why are you being like this?There’s nothing to be afraid of,’My mother quipped me. Suddenly,my house bell rang.My mother asked me to open the door to check out who is coming.To be a good son,I braved myself to open the door.I paced to the door and opened it.The creaking sound of the door enhanced my fear up.I was already trepidated.I looked up and I could see an apparition of a tall creature.It was so dark that I could not see it clearly. ‘Damn!What is this?’I whispered. I grabbed a torchlight to see what was the object in front of my house door.I Found out that was the man I knew, Mr.David Chelshire.He was my father! I was flabbergasted. ‘Is this a dream?’I asked myself. I was confused.My father was believed to be gone on his way to the seashore from the oil platform last month. ‘This is me,David!This is me!’He said. I shouted and called my mum down.She was shocked and nearly fainted when she saw my father. ‘Actually,I planned this thing with the workers in the management office.I knew that your mother would call them.And my plan to be back in our Anniversary Day Became true.’He added. He asked me to take the gold necklace he left in my room.I took the necklace and gave to him.Then,he gave to my mum. ‘Happy Anniversary Day,my dear!’my father said to my mother. My mother cried. Now,all mysteries solved.That was the reality.About the footprint,it was the footprint of a pair of shoes I bought for my father for his birthday.And believe me,it was the sweetest Anniversary Day for them,perhaps.

Benefits and Problems of Six

Benefits and Problems of Six Six-sigma quality management refers to a program-oriented management methodology aimed at improving an organization’s merchandise. Concurrently, this system aims at improving operations involved in an organization (Thayer 2012). This occurs through persistent minimization of defects within the entire organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Benefits and Problems of Six-Sigma Quality Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The increasing global competitiveness has increased the demand for application of contemporary and strategic management strategies within organizational and business setting. Perhaps, this explains the reason for the high demand of the approach within present organizations. The approach refers to a strategy that concentrates on the improvement of clientele needs and preferences (Inglis 2005). It also helps in the comprehension of sufficient operations, business systems as well as pr oductivity processes. Financial performance is another core area of focus of the concept of six-sigma. Since the period of its invention, the strategy has played significant roles within most firms or corporations. It has potentially enabled most corporations to maintain their competitive edge in the relevant markets. This has occurred through the incorporation of knowledge. It is important to understand various provisions of six-sigma as a quality management process. The processes have drawn basic knowledge from statistics and project management among other basic business realms. The six-sigma approach has both organizational as well as individual or stakeholder benefits. The benefits of the approach may be realized through persistent minimization of variations. In addition, this has also occurred through placement of various operations within appropriate levels. The six-sigma approach has been known to improve the process flows within any organization or business processes (Kwak Anbari 2006). Furthermore, the approach has been associated with minimized rates of overall defects notable within basic organizational processes. It is evident that with its application, the system is focused in the reduction of defects and malfunctions within any operational procedure. This has consequently helped in the streamlining of basic processes and coordination of operations. The approach also offers a collective and uniform language applicable within any system. Therefore, it has remarkably helped in the improvement of basic communication as well as feedback processes. Roles are therefore performed adequately; there is articulation of the collective objective and mission of the company. The approach also helps in the minimization of cycle times. There is a general condition of enhanced capacity of knowledge and awareness. Moreover, the individuals within an organization also develop the capacity to manage their newly acquired knowledge. This benefit helps to motivate indi viduals and enhance innovation as well as novelty. Through application of the six-sigma system of operation, an organization is able of attaining an elevated level or capacity of client as well as employee satisfaction (Levine 2006).. This is also realized within other potential external stakeholders involved in the production processes or general operations.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, there have been indications that the approach enhances high levels of productivity within organizations. There is a general situation of reduced work-in-progress and minimized inventory due to the application of the six-sigma strategy. Other notable benefits include elevated competency and output (Thayer 2012). There is also high level of reliability as well as quality in the goods or services produced by the implementing company. Customers are more likely to enjoy l owered and affordable prices. This is also realized by the organization since there is generally reduced unit cost. The organization or business company involved in the implementation of the six-sigma approach is able to enjoy the price flexibility. There is also a spacious room for better designs. This enables the organization to enjoy relatively increased variety of brands. Additionally, the time for market reach is reduced considerably upon establishment and ratification of Six Sigma. Contextually, there is increased delivery time and reduction in the wear of products before sales. There are notable challenges associated with the six-sigma approach (Thayer 2012). Various problems have been attributed to the statistical variability and reliability of the approach (six-sigma) in its application. It is also viewed that this approach gives more focus on the process’ rigidity factors. This contradicts the novelty and innovation. Therefore, the six-sigma approach kills creativit y and innovation amongst workers. Redundancy has also been associated with the implementation of the six-sigma approach within organizations. There are reiterations that six sigma approaches are generally embraceable. Concurrently, the system has been viewed to encourage outsourcing. This is evident in cases of improvement initiatives. It generally lacks the aspect of accountability. Its execution necessitates very skilled human resources (Levine 2006). This requirement might impose huge expenses on corporations. Basically, this is because hiring skilled personnel is costly and competitive in the current organizational era. The lack of constant implementation of this approach leads to a reduced capacity to control workers’ commitment and motivation. Observably, most managers have indicated that the application of six-sigma involves huge organizational or company expenditures. The high costs involved might lead to significant company losses. Evans, James. Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western, 2008. Print.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Benefits and Problems of Six-Sigma Quality Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inglis, Alistair. Quality Improvement, Quality Assurance, and Benchmarking: Comparing two frameworks for managing quality processes in open and distance learning. 2005. Web. Kwak, Young. Anbari Frank. Benefits, obstacles, and future of six sigma approach. 2006. Web. Levine, David. Gitlow, Howard, Popovich, Edward. Foundations of Six Sigma Management. 2006. Web. Lientz, Bennet Rea Kathryn. Breakthrough It Change Management: How to Get Enduring Change Results. New York, NY: Routledge, 2004. Print. Marquez, Adolfo. The Maintenance Management Framework: Models and Methods for Complex Systems Maintenance. New York, NY: Springer, 2007. Print. Muchemu, David. Designing a World-Class Quality Management System for FDA Regulated I ndustries: A handbook for Quality Professionals, Quality System Requirements (qsr) for Cgmp. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008. Print. Schlickman, Jay. Quality Management System Design. Boston, MA: Artech House, 2003. Print.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thayer, William. Advantages Disadvantages of Six Sigma. 2012. Web. Varkey, Prathibha. Medical Quality Management: Theory and Practice. Ontario, Canada: Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2010. Print.

Career Comparison Essays

Career Comparison Essays Career Comparison Essay Career Comparison Essay ENGL 227 Formal Report Instruction In this assignment, students will work independently to write a short formal report that analyzes a situation and provides recommendations. This course project will satisfy TCOs 4, 6 and 8. Overview In this assignment, students will analyze two possible career choices, and then write a formal analytical report effectively presenting a recommendation to pursue one of the careers. This project has two parts: * Part one, the Table of Contents and Introductory Section, is due at the end of week 6. Part two, the report in its entirety, is due at the end of week 8. * Students are encouraged to begin work on this project no later than week 5, reading the project directions, reading Chapters 13, 14, and 15, and, if time permits, doing preliminary research. Formal Report Topic This assignment is based on Case Number 4, Chapter 15 on pages 466-67: Reconciling the experts: Resolving the advice on writing business plans. Here’s th e situation: Read and follow the directions on pages 466-67 in chapter 15. Your report should include the following: * Information as noted and asked for in the case. Research from at least six credible sources to inform the your audience and to support the recommendation(s) * APA citations for all researched information (in-text parenthetical citations and a reference list at the end of the report) * Formal report formatting You will need to conduct outside research and cite your sources using APA citations. Conclude the formal report by making recommendations to your audience. Your report MUST be formatted as a formal report. Part One (Due Week 6) Table of Contents and Introduction Your assignment this week is to write your formal report’s table of contents and introduction, using formal formatting. To complete this assignment, you will need to have a good plan in place for your formal report. I encourage you to use the three-step process we’ve been studying this session. (The formal report is due in its entirety at the end of week 8. In week 6, only the table of contents and introduction are due. Formatting Help View this week’s tutorial, which will show you how to use the outline view of MS Word to create a table of contents. Using the outline view will make formatting your table of contents and report much simpler than formatting the entire TOC manually! Notice that there are slight differences between formal reports and formal proposals. When referring to chapters 13-16, make sure you refer to the passages that pertain to formal re ports. Formatting Help View this week’s tutorial, which will show you how to use the outline view of MS Word to create a table of contents. Using the outline view will make formatting your table of contents and report much simpler than formatting the entire TOC manually! Notice that there are slight differences between formal reports and formal proposals. When referring to chapters 13-16, make sure you refer to the passages that pertain to formal reports. In week 6, your assignment should include the following: * A table of contents using formal report formatting. Note that page numbers are not necessary this week, as you will not have written the actual report yet. Page numbers should be added next week, though, when you complete the report. ) * The table of contents should include first- and second-level headings, like the example on page 437 in chapter 15. * Include an introductory section featuring the following four parts (see page 439 in chapter 15 for an example. * Introduction * Purpose, Sco pe, and Limitations * Sources and Methods * Report Organization Identify at least six credible sources you will use in your proposal in the â€Å"Sources and Methods† section. * Use formal report formatting. * Be free of grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Part Two (Due Week 8) Formal Report in Full In week 6, you planned the formal report and wrote the TOC and introduction. In week 8, you will complete the formal report. (You may need to revise the TOC and Introduction, based on the feedback you receive from your instructor. ) In week 8, your assignment should contain the following: Be formatted as a formal report, following the guidelines formal reports in the text (including the guidelines for headings and subheadings found on pages 435-448); * Include appropriate prefatory, text, and supplemental parts (The formal report should contain appropriate prefatory, text, and supplemental parts, including the following: a cover and/or title page; a letter of transmittal; a table of contents; the four-part Introductory Section from week 6; appropriately labeled body sections; and appendices, such as the client interview and list of references. Your report does not need to contain all of these parts, but should contain most of them. ); * Fully answer the question posed in the case from the text, considering all of the background information provided and fulfilling the purpose outlined in the case. The word count for the intro, body, and conclusion should be 1250-1750 words); * Use at least six credible researched sources appropriately and effectively; * Include proper documentation using APA style (both in-text and end-of-text citationsplease check your work using turnitin. om); and * Be free of spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors. Note: Visual aids are entirely appropriate for this kind of report, but they are not required. If you decide to use visual aids, be certain to adhere to the standards we have studied previously in this course. How the Formal Report Assignment is Graded The Formal Report Assignment will be graded according to the criteria set forth in the Rubrics for weeks 6 and 7/8, located in Doc Sharing.

Anthropology En Route Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anthropology En Route - Essay Example Spaces like the university are therefore designed to accommodate the needs of the local population accordingly. The university appears to be a conglomerate of literally thousands of students from different cultures, religions and countries. I see students discussing things while they are walking through the corridors of the university. The expressions include a multitude of media through which communication takes effect. From the use of hand gestures and body language to the application of modern technologies like cell phones and internet – communication is an ongoing process during any interaction between students and their teachers. The university spaces are of special interest to me. It appears that the floor plan of the university is based on the concept of specialization and specialized areas dedicated to the expected activities that go on in institutions like this are indicative of the fact that much foreseeing has been going on when it was designed. Dedicated areas for teaching, meetings, presentations, dining, libraries, media library, play grounds and examination halls are all reflective of the diverse needs of humans to achieve the objective of education. A very important part of the university is its students. Keeping in view the federal nature of our university it is apparent why it attracts so many foreign students. For me the most interesting phenomenon is the mode of communication that exists between these foreign students. Whenever I see them talking, there is a lot that their body language and gestures express; as compared to their words. Though English is the medium to connect them; yet their level of expertise of the language alters the way they react and reciprocate to each other's messages. Details Of all the objects observed, two objects that appeal to me include; The communication between students who speak different languages; and University as a space of education and its operation Communication is a vital part of our day-to-day interactions. Generally considered to be divided into the verbal and non-verbal forms; there are a number of other attributes which do not follow the normal communicative patterns. Of my interest is the communication between students of different cultures and how they perceive each other's thoughts. It is quite often evident that whenever two student with different languages start to interact, the start often includes gestures which are indicative of greetings. Japanese students on our campus would bend forward during the start of communication, Chinese would shake their head a little while bending a bit, Asians would either shake hand like the Westerners or avoid shaking hands if those who are meeting are of opposite sexes etc. If they happen to be from different countries, the most prominent observation is that linguistic clues are replaced by hand gestures or body movements. The choice of words becomes a challenge to express the concept in its simplest form. It is very common tha t under such circumstances, both the parties start to speak simultaneously, expecting the other to listen or at least understand what is being explained by hand movements. The concept of directions is often expressed by

Enviromental Ethics of Cleaning up the Oceans Term Paper

Enviromental Ethics of Cleaning up the Oceans - Term Paper Example There are many reasons to affirm that all citizens of this world have ethical and moral responsibility to maintain the oceanic health, starting with the cleaning of its waters. Since, ages oceans have provided around half of the required oxygen to all living bodies on earth. Nevertheless, the detection of Dead Zones in several seas and oceans reveal that the marine life within such zones is starving for oxygen. This is mainly due to large scale dumping of agricultural and industrial waste into the oceanic waters. The exploitation of oceans has resulted in extinction of many races of sharks and other predatory fishes along with other species like turtles. Hence, it is the moral responsibility of all global citizens to gear up the efforts towards aggressive ocean cleaning. Various moral theories come up when discussing about the moral responsibility of human kind in saving the environment of this planet. However, main aspects of moral theory include the issues related to sustainability, compassion and participation. It is the duty of every citizen of world to ensure that all creatures and human beings are treated equally. The sustainability is the extension of this moral obligation, which defines the purpose of meeting the requirements of present generation, while ensuring that future generations are able to meet their needs sufficiently. It is in this context that human kind needs to understand its moral duty towards the preservation for oceanic marine life, which is one of the important supporters of human life system. If the ocean waters are not clean, the formation of dead zones will be frequent. This will deprive these waters of the vibrant marine life. We need to preserve marine life for the sake of our present and future generations. The action, which ensures that every one gets sufficient quantity of goods required to live in a

Critically discuss, with examples, the contributions that Managing Essay - 1

Critically discuss, with examples, the contributions that Managing Diversity policies can make to the promotion of equality in organisations - Essay Example These have been studied from different perspectives, such as gender discrimination, HRM, performance management, cultural dimensions, and best practice implementation resulting from diffusion process, with specific examples. In the era of globalization, managing diversity promotes organizational effectiveness to a large extent. Diversity management is said to have originated in the United States with the Civil Rights Act, 1964 promoting equal employment opportunities (Mor-Barak, 2005). Realization of importance of diversity management through policies and legislation is a more recent affair in most of the countries. The main prerequisites of diversity management are said to be equal rights legislation and affirmative/positive action policies in order to create social, legal and organizational environment conducive for diversity management. The benefits of globalization have lured many organizations to become multinational and also adopt diversity management practices. Diversity management is now being used as a tool in management to tackle discrimination at workplace (Wrench, 2005). This can be best evidenced by the Kosek and Lobel’s model (1996), cited by Mor-Barak (2005), of diversity management approach through diversity enlargement, diversity sensitivity, cultural audit and strategies for achieving organizational outcomes. With the legislative policies related to equal employment opportunities and antidiscrimination laws being introduced, most of the organizations started hiring people belonging to distinct groups and nationalities, incorporating a diverse workforce. The various activities used in organizations to manage this diversity include training and development for all employees, employee involvement teams, links with the community, different work hours and workplaces, benefits, affirmative action programs, top-management attention, public relations efforts,

Partnership and Limited Liability Partnership Organization Essay Example for Free

Partnership and Limited Liability Partnership Organization Essay Introduction This is a report that shows a comparison between both Partnership and Limited Liability Partnership organization and to advise Mr. Tan on the business organization that is more likely to fit his needs for setting up a new consulting business. For this particular project, our group assumed that Mr. Tan used to be an accountant working for a big accounting firm and is now looking to set up a small accounting consultancy business. 1Process Required to Setup Business Organization Below are the processes to setting up a partnership and a limited liability partnership business organization respectively: 1.1Partnership Firstly, the partners have to fill with the Registrar an application for approval and reservation of partnership name. After the application is being approved, a partnership is required to be registered online via BizFile with ACRA through a professional business registration firm if both of the partners are not local citizen. The partnership must have at least two partners for registration. Following are the information needed: 1) Proposed name of the Partnership 2) Particulars of the partners/managers (foreign passport or Singapore ID) 3) Residential address of the partners/managers 4) Consent to Act as Manager and Statement of Non Disqualification to Act as Manager 5) If partner is a company: Registration details of the company 6) Singaporean or PR must pay Medisave 7) Declaration of compliance ACRA will then send an email of notification confirming the registration. A  business profile containing the registration details can be obtained as a softcopy via email from ACRA upon successful registration. Softcopies are usually sufficient to all purposes in Singapore. (enterAsia Information Services Pte Ltd, 2010) 1.2Limited Liability Partnership Firstly, the partners have to fill with the Registrar an application for approval and reservation of LLP name. After the application is being approved, an LLP is required to be registered online via BizFile with ACRA through a professional business registration. Following are the information needed: 1) Proposed name of the Limited Liability Partnership 2) Particulars of the LLP partners/managers (foreign passport or Singapore ID) 3) Residential address of the LLP partners/managers 4) Consent to Act as Manager and Statement of Non Disqualification to Act as Manager 5) If partner is a company: Registration details of the company 6) Declaration of compliance ACRA will then send an email of notification confirming the Singapore LLP registration. A business profile containing the registration details can be obtained as a softcopy via email from ACRA upon successful registration of the LLP. Softcopies are usually sufficient to all purposes in Singapore. (enterAsia Information Services Pte Ltd, 2010) 2Legal Characteristics of Each of the Business Organizations 2.1The Characteristics of Partnership (ASSAR, 2011) Two or more persons: Partnership involves business by a group of persons. There must be at least two persons to bring partnership into existence. Although there is no maximum number required in the Partnership Act, the Companies Act has placed a maximum limit 20 people in a business. A company must be registered if there are more than 20 people in the business. Contractual Relation: A partnership is a contractual relationship arising out of an agreement among the partners, a person does not become a partner out of his status as is the case in joint family. Persons entering in partnership must be competent to enter into a contract as it is essential, and the agreement among partners may be oral or in writing. A written agreement or deed is preferred because it helps in resolving some disputes among partners later on. Lawful Business: A partnership agreement only exists in a lawful business. Sharing of profits: An agreement among partners must include the sharing of profits and losses. A charitable trust cannot be called partnership because there is no sharing of profits. Profit sharing is only a superficial evidence of partnership but not a conclusive proof. The employees of a business may also share profits but they are not the partners. No Separate Legal Existence: A partnership firm is not a legal entity of its own. This means that the firm and the partners are one and the same. A firm is only a name to the collective name of partners and no firm can exist without partners. The rights and liabilities of the partners are the rights and liabilities of the firm. Management of the firm vests in partners who are its owners also. Unlimited Liability: Every individual partner is liable jointly and severally for the obligations of the partnership firm. Therefore, if assets of the business are not sufficient to meet the liabilities of creditors then private property of partners can be used to meet them. The creditors can claim their dues from anyone or all the partners. If these liabilities are met by one partner then he is entitled to receive rateable contributions from other partners. Restriction on Transfer of Shares: No partner can transfer his shares to an outsider without the unanimous consent of all other partners. It is based on the principle that a partner being an agent of the firm cannot delegate his authority unilaterally to outsiders. Utmost Good Faith: The very basis of partnership business is good faith and mutual trust. Each and every partner should act honestly and fairly in the conduct of business. A firm cannot be run if there is suspicion among partners. Partners must have faith in each other for running the business smoothly. 2.2The Characteristics of Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) A limited liability partnership is a business structures that operates similar to a partnership organizational structure. The difference is the limited personal liability afforded to each member of the company. Each partner is responsible for their own actions while conducting business. LLPs are tailored for professionals, such as doctors, lawyers and accountants. (Howell, 2012) Every Partner Equal: Each partner is an equal member in a LLP company. They decide together on various company issues, such as the name of the business, where it is located and how it is going to be operated. Partners also share equally in the profits and losses of the business. The number of people in LLP must not exceed 20. Limited Liability Protection: Each partner in this type of company is protected against the actions of the other partners which results in a lawsuit. For example, if one partner is subject of a malpractice claim and loses in court and have to pay damages, the other partners are not held financially responsible. However, partners in a LLP are liable for the obligations of the company such as loans used to purchase equipment and utility expenses. Pass Through Taxation of Profits: A limited liability partnership company is taxed similar to a business formed under the partnership and sole proprietorship organizational structures by a process called pass-through taxation. The company profits are not taxed at the company level but instead  are passed through to the partners to be reported on their individual tax returns. This prevents the double taxation that occurs in corporations where profits are taxed at the company and shareholder levels. 3Advantages and Disadvantages of Partnership and LLP 3.1Partnership Advantages of Partnership 1. Capital: Due to the nature of the business, the partners would contribute their share of capital to start up the business. Hence, the more partners there are, the higher the amount they could put into the business. This would give the partners better flexibility and greater potential for growth. It also means more potential profit, which would be equally shared between the partners. 2. Flexibility: It is generally easier to form, manage and run a Partnership. There are fewer restrictions in a partnership than in companies, in terms of the laws governing the formation. As the partners have the only say in the way the business is run without the interference of shareholders, they are far more flexible in terms of management, as long as all the partners can agree. 3. Shared Responsibility: Partners would be able to share the responsibility of the running of the business. This would allow the partners to make the most of their abilities and potential. Instead of dividing the management and taking equal shares of each business tasks, they would be able to divide the work according to their skills. Thus, if one partner is good with figures, they could deal with the book keeping and accounts, while the other partners might have different niche areas and specialize in different tasks. 4. Decision Making: Partners share the decision making and can help each other out when needed. With more partners means more brainstorming could be in place and the information they came out with could be picked out for  business ideas and for the solving of problems that the business may encounter. (Adrain, 2010) Disadvantages of Partnership 1. Disagreements: One of the most common disadvantages of partnership is the possibility of disagreements between the partners. People often have mixed ideas on how the business should be run, the task arrangements and are picky about what the best interests of the business are. All these might lead to arguments which might not only endanger the business, but also the relationship of those involved. That is why it is always preferred to draft a deed of partnership during the formation period to ensure that all partners are aware of what are in place in case of disputes and prepare for the procedures if a partnership is dissolved. 2. Agreement: As the partnership is jointly run, it is crucial that all the partners agree with decisions that are being made. This means that in some situations there is less freedom with regards to the management of the business. This is especially so compared to sole traders, where the sole trader need not seek agreement from anyone but himself. 3. Liability: Ordinary Partnerships are subject to unlimited liability, which means that each of the partners shares the liability and financial risks of the business equally. This might put of the idea of partnership for some people, as they might not want to take the risk. 4. Profit sharing: As partners share the profits equally, it can lead to inconsistency where one or more partners are not contributing a fair share of effort into the running or management of the business, but still reaping equal rewards. 3.2Limited Liability Partnership Advantages of Limited Liability Partnership (Janus Corporate Solutions, 2008) 1. Separate Legal Identity: A limited liability partnership has a separate legal identity. They can own properties, at the same time they can  enter into contracts, and sue or be sued in its’ own name. 2. Limited personal liability: The partners of the limited liability partnership will not be held personally liable for any business debts incurred by the limited liability partnership or the wrongful acts of their partners. A partner may, however, be held personally liable for claims from losses resulting from his own misconducts or omission. 3. Perpetual succession: Any changes in the limited liability partnership (e.g. resignation or death of its partners) do not affect its existence, rights or liabilities. 4. Ease of compliance: Compliance requirements are more complex than sole proprietorship but simpler than a private limited company. Disadvantages of Limited Liability Partnership (Janus Corporate Solutions, 2008) 1. Formation of limited liability partnership requires a minimum number of 2 partners at all times. 2. Individual partners can commit the partnership to formal business agreements without the consent of their partners. 3. Limited liability partnership lacks the ease of ownership transfer and investment that a company structure provides. 4. There are no corporate tax benefits: Tax exemptions are available to private limited companies but are not available to limited liability partnerships. A limited liability partnership is treated as tax transparent which means that limited liability partnerships are not taxed as an entity. Instead each partner is taxed on their share of the profits as per the personal income tax rates. 4Analysis on Choosing the Business Organization Since Mr. Tan is setting up a business for accountancy consulting, he should  opt for a Limited Liability Partnership organization instead of a Partnership. Mr. Tan is currently new to the business world, and might not have found a partner he could fully trust yet; therefore it is also to his advantage if his partner were to act wrongfully or if there is a change in partners, since in LLPs, partners are not liable for losses to outsiders arising from acts of another partner as compared to an unlimited liability if he were to go into a Partnership. In addition, the LLP is also not subject to full financial reporting and disclosure requirements, such as those on capital contributions and changes to capital (ACRA, 2005). This is an advantage to Mr. Tan’s business. Since the business is small, minor changes to capital will not have to be subjected to full reporting and disclosure. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, LLPs are tailored for accountants. With that, our group is certain that Limited Liability Partnership Organization will meet the needs of Mr. Tan’s new consultancy business. Bibliography ACRA. (2005, May). Retrieved February 5, 2012, from ACRA Legal Digest Issue 8: http://www.acra.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/4B52C6B6-E89B-4DC3-A72C-A9C4BC62AAAB/10278/ACRA_LDI_08.pdf Adrain. (2010). The company warehouse. Retrieved 2012, from The company warehouse: http://blog.thecompanywarehouse.co.uk/2010/03/01/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-partnership/ ASSAR, R. (2011). Publish Your Articles. Retrieved February 2012, 6, from PublishYourArticles.org: http://www.publishyourarticles.org/knowledge-hub/business-studies/what-are-th e-characteristics-of-partnership.html enterAsia Information Services Pte Ltd. (2010). entersingaporebusiness. Retrieved Feb 05, 2012, from LTD Singapore: Setting up a limited liability partnership (LLP) in Singapore: http://www.entersingaporebusiness.info/limited-liability-partnership.php enterAsia Information Services Pte Ltd. (2010). How to set up a partnership in Singapore. Retrieved Feb 05, 2012, from entersingaporebusiness: http://www.entersingaporebusiness.info/partnership.php Howell, R. (2012). Hearst Communications Inc. Retrieved February 6, 2012, from Hearst Communications Inc.: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/characteristics-limited-liability-partnership-3729.html Janus Corporate Solutions. (2008). Singapore Limited Liability (LLP) Registration. Retrieved February 4, 2012, from guidemesingapore: http://www.guidemesingapore.com/incorporation/other/singapore-llp-registration-guide

Racism and Sexism in the Bluest Eye Essay -- American Literature Toni

Toni Morrison, the author of The Bluest Eye, centers her novel around two things: beauty and wealth in their relation to race and a brutal rape of a young girl by her father. Morrison explores and exposes these themes in relation to the underlying factors of black society: racism and sexism. Every character has a problem to deal with and it involves racism and/or sexism. Whether the characters are the victim or the aggressor, they can do nothing about their problem or condition, especially when concerning gender and race. Morrison's characters are clearly at the mercy of preconceived notions maintained by society. Because of these preconceived notions, the racism found in The Bluest Eye is not whites against blacks. Morrison writes about the racism of lighter colored blacks against darker colored blacks and rich blacks against poor blacks. Along with racism within the black community, sexism is exemplified both against women and against men. As Morrison investigates the racism and se xism of the community of Lorain, Ohio, she gives the reader more perspective as to why certain characters do or say certain things. Morrison provides the reader with a light-skinned black character whose racist attitudes affect the poorer, darker blacks in the community, especially the main characters, Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove. Maureen Peal comes from a rich black family and triggers admiration along with envy in every child at school, including Claudia. Although Maureen is light-skinned, she embodies everything that is considered "white," at least by Claudia's standards: "Patent leather shoes with buckles...fluffy sweaters the color of lemon drops tucked into skirts with pleats... brightly colored knee socks with white borders, a brown ... ...m or desert him. It should be understood that Morrison's novel is filled with many characters and many examples of racism and sexism and the foundations for such beliefs in the black community. Every character is the victim or an aggressor of racism of sexism in all its forms. Morrison succeeds in shedding light on the racism and sexism the black community had to endure on top of racism and sexism outside of the community. She shows that racism and sexism affect everyone's preconceived notions regarding race and gender and how powerful and prevalent the notions are. Within the community, racism affects how people's views of beauty and skin can be skewed by other's racist thoughts; sexism shapes everyone in the community's reactions to different forms of rape. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. Afterward by Toni Morrison. New York: Penguin, 2004.